PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.